Cherokee Nation And Native American Tribes - 862 Words

A kind of American jeep called Cherokee, which is the source for the brave Cherokee. Cherokee is one of the most gallant tribe in native American tribes, and they are never afraid of the unknown challenge. Courage and confidence make them achieve a good development in contemporary society. Today the Cherokee Nation has become an active leader in so many parts of social production, such as education, housing, clothing, economic development ,and so on. According to the demographic census in 2000, Cherokee is approved by the US federal the indigenous people of the largest one. First of all, I want to talk about development of education in Cherokee Nation. Because of the revitalization of the Cherokee Nation, an increase number Cherokee people begin to pay attention to education, and there is a rapid development in the area of education in Cherokee Nation. According to the Robert J. Conley’s article Cherokees, the Cherokee Nation has established a complete education system for many people at different age. For example, the Cherokee Nation would establish pre-school for some children at age three to help these children prepare to enter the first grade, and they would also establish some higher education program to make Cherokee people enter some colleges (2015). As far as I am concerned, this kind of education system can assist Cherokee Children more effectively adapt school life and make adult Cherokees acquire some professional knowledge and improve their abilities. DurbinShow MoreRelatedEssay on Southeastern Native American Literature1215 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheastern Native American Literature Native American literature from the Southeastern United States is deeply rooted in the oral traditions of the various tribes that have historically called that region home. While the tribes most integrally associated with the Southeastern U.S. in the American popular mind--the FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole)--were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) from their ancestral territories inRead MoreNative Americas And The West Of The Mississippi River1438 Words   |  6 Pagesstart of 1830s, about 125000 Native Americas were living on more than 25 million acres of land on Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, and Florida, the region that would be referred to as the Deep South. However, by the end of the decade, only a few of these Native Americans remained in this region . While following the interests of the white settlers, who wanted to cultivate cotton on Indian Lands, president Jackson and the federal governme nt forced the natives to vacate their homeland andRead MoreThe Cherokee Native American Tribe1613 Words   |  7 PagesBombria Miss Pearce American Literature Period 8 2 April 2017 The Cherokee Native American Tribe The Cherokee are considered one of the most advanced Native American tribes culturally and socially. The Cherokee tribe originated from several different regions in the United States including: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama. The Cherokee lived in villages like most Native American Tribes. Each village housed four hundred to five hundred Cherokee people. There were twoRead MoreThe Constitution Of The Cherokee Nation912 Words   |  4 Pages1827 Constitution of the Cherokee Nation is a document that was created to protect the Cherokee Indians from being thrown out of their native lands. The authors of the document are not unknown. The first line of the document states, â€Å"We the Representatives of the people of the Cherokee Nation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The authors are the Representatives of the Cherokee tribes, who were chosen by the people of the Cherokee nation to represent them. The representatives would have been free male Cherokee members that are twenty-fiveRead MoreThe Cherokee Language Is Still Alive1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe question is if the Cherokee language is still alive. Is this language still spoken? Yes, it is. The Cherokee language is classified linguistically as a member of the Iroquoi an family, spoken by the Cherokee people, originally inhabiting Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. As a consequence of colonization, however, the Cherokee nation almost suffered destruction during the infamous Trail of Tears, 1838-1839, the forced removal ofRead MoreCherokee Indians And Native American Tribes1056 Words   |  5 Pages Cherokee Indians have been around for many years, but when the topic of Native Americans is discussed it is only about the struggles and hardships they went through but never their actual culture of how and where they originated or how they came to be. There are many interesting things to learn about Cherokee Indians such as their heritage, religion, language, and their traditional songs, dances, and food. The Cherokee people have been identified as one of the most socially and culturallyRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1137 Words   |  5 PagesNative American Displacement Long ago on the great plains, the buffalo roamed and the Native Americans lived amongst each other. They were able to move freely across the lands until the white men came and concentrated them into certain areas. Today there are more than five-hundred different tribes with different beliefs and history. Native Americans still face problems about the horrific history they went through and today s discrimination. The removal of American Indian tribes is one of theRead MoreWho Were Really The Savages? Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pages Who were really the savages? Americans Yaghira Dickson History 223 History of the American Indian Dr. Dawn Spring 11 December 2016 Abstract Analyze the history of Lakota and Cherokee Indians and what area they are from. Pinpoint the myths and where they originated. Associate and disassociate at least two Indigenous stories about creation of the biosphere. Identify what the relationship between human beings and creation proposed. Recognize the relationship between human beings and animals. FindRead MoreNegative Effects On Native Americans765 Words   |  4 PagesNew World relationships with Native Americans tended to be tense and exploitative. With time the white Americans were able to wear down the Native tribes through growth of population along with the rise of advance technology. These advancement often led to bloodshed between the two groups as they fought over the land and survival. The Indians were also greatly affected by the many new disease brought to the New World from the Europeans. The government and the American people were looking for a permanentRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears By Andrew Jackson877 Words   |  4 Pagestestament to the cruelty and disrespect we showed toward the Native Americans. This paper will show how the United States used its legislative power and brute force t o remove the Indian tribes. From the election of Andrew Jackson, and the implementation of the Indian Removal Act. The Creeks, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole and their actions against the removal process. Finally, how the Cherokee used the legal process to fight evacuation of their nation. Andrew Jackson was not the first president to order

How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics Free Essays

The vital challenge for managing negative employees nowadays is to stay alive and flourish in a very chaotic globe. To achieve this, the Medical Aesthetics Market Place perceives it essential to keep positive attitudes of its organization. Ethical values, constantly applied, are the foundation in building a commercially victorious and generally responsible business (Barbuceanu Fox, 1996). We will write a custom essay sample on How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Business organizations progress trust and a positive outlook between its personnel strengthen ethical framework and proffer a moral breadth during times of change and in catastrophe (Grimes Alley, 1997). Medica Spa owners require positive-productive employees to gain encouraging impact on their clienteles. For this objective, owners and managers endow with greater control over one’s manners, build assurance in decision making, and consent to more truthful discernments of one’s self. Those issues concern justice, honesty, correctness and an optimistic attitude; as a consequence it can only be resolved according to ethical standards. Decision-making must be empowered to the level adjoining the field of action, on condition that, that this level has compulsory for positive reception from its employees at its clearance (Guest, 1989). A manager is required to make his function wider to increase dynamism, inventiveness and speed of achievement (Barenberg, 1994). Employees in the Medical Aesthetics Market Place are in fact obliged to comply with significantly increased demands in quantity and quality. The movement in the present day is to hire less than sufficient staff and work to the maximum.   Negativity should be restricted to any level of an employee. Operations individuals at present have more duties and must generate more (Ghallab, 1994). Owners are required to entrust a part of its sanctions to the subordinate hierarchical levels, if they do not want to be congested with more and more abundant and multifaceted problems. Delegation is mainly about entrusting an owner’s authority to others. This denotes that they can take action and begin autonomously; and that they presume duty with owners for tasks. Entrustment underpins a technique of management which allows the staff to exercise and widen their skills and knowledge to full potential (Guest, 1989). To manage negativity of employees, owners must: distribute adequate resources to board activities such as time, money, and facilities support workers and supervisors to collaborate with the committee and be involved entail the committee in each and every health and safety activities facilitate to schedule committee activities such as investigations as well as inspections divide health and safety matters from concerns not related work and take steps safely and guarantee that supervisors work and take action carefully To manage negative employees, managers must be straightforward to the staff to assume their responsibilities, as every now and then it is very at ease to feel oneself protected from all risks that are inherent in running an organization’s operations; a desire from the managers must exist to abandon certain prerogatives – for it is a loss of authority – to be able to concentrate on other more significant activities; must be capable of setting up a career promotion and rewards that recompense the efforts of the staff that stimulate them and motivate their activity for the benefit of the group (Ghallab, 1994).   The staff must have enough knowledge on how to do their responsibilities with dedication and positive attitude. Thus, the business owners ought to facilitate access to the required understanding. The owner who fears and cannot organize well will never manage negativity of employees successfully; the manager, who is acquainted with that the staff may possibly have supplementary experience and knowledge, and so may possibly develop the decision-making process, will receive their participation; managing negativity of employees guarantees that the staff will put decision-making into practice within the organization of their objectives and will sense that their perspectives are welcome. One of the main irrational fears about delegation is that by providing others authority, an owner or manager loses power (Grimes Alley, 1997). This must not be the case. If the owner trains the staff to take actions the same criteria as the manager would, by example and explanations, then the staff will be exercising the manager’s control on his/her behalf with positive outlook if and only if the manager demonstrates a positive attitude. And since they will distinguish many more circumstances over which control may be put into effect, then control will be exercised more rapidly and more diversely than an owner could put it into effect by his/her self. An owner must be able to distribute the more mundane tasks as equally as possible; and add the more stimulating once as broadly. Generally, but particularly with the tedious tasks, an owner must be careful to delegate not only the performance of the mission but also its tenure (Barenberg, 1994). Task handing over, more willingly than task assignment, allows innovation and positive attitude and outlook in their work. To manage negativity within a business,   an owner is supposed to increase progressively; first, a small assignment leading to a little improvement, then another assignment which constructs upon the first; when that is accomplished, add an additional step; and so on. This is the differentiation between asking people to balance a sheer wall (negative), and offering them with a flight of steps (positive). When an owner delegates a job, it does not have to be finished as fit as an owner could do it in a given time, but only as fit as needed: never judge the upshot by what is expected (it is complicated to be objective – negative), but by fitness for positive function. When an owner delegates a task, he/she must agree upon the standards by which the result will be reviewed. An owner must not exaggerate a negative issue; if the staff did something wrong, the owner must have the skill of using specific and positive terms in correcting the mistake – not meaning to hurt the staff’s feelings (Barbuceanu Fox, 1996). References Barbuceanu, M. Fox, M. (1996). The Design of a Coordination Language for Multi-Agents Systems. In Intelligent Agents III. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages. Springer, pp.341-355. Barenberg, M. (1994). Democracy and Domination in the Law of Workplace Cooperation: From Bureaucratic to Flexible Production, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 753, 825–78. Harper, supra note 468, at 113–14. Ghallab, M. (1994). Past and future chronicles for supervision and planning. In Jean  Paul Haton, editor, Proceedings of the 14th Int. Avignon Conference, Paris, EC2 and AFIA, pp23-34. Grimes, G. Alley, B. (1997). Intelligent Agents for Network Fault Diagnosis and Testing. In Integrated Network Management V: integrated management in a virtual world. San Diego, California, USA, May 1997. IFIP, Chapman Hall, pp.232-244. Guest, D. (1989). Personnel and HRM: Can you tell the difference? Personnel Management. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, pp23-27. How to cite How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics, Essay examples

Importance of Social Interactions

Question: Describe about the Importance of Social Interactions ? Answer: Norms as well as the beliefs of the society and the cultures often influences the people. Often these influences can be more personal and even intimae to the people. it can even affect a wide number of people. Though there are certain differences between the two aspects, both are necessary for the understanding of the social life. Social structure There are certain elements on which the social structures are based. They are social class, the role groups, culture and social status. The social structure often guides the behavior of the people (Social Structure and Social Interaction, 2015). The location of the person in the social structure which includes the class, status, culture etc, defines the perception, behavior and attitude of the people. The people try to act according to the place in the social structure in which the person is. It must be noted that the social structure is not stagnant, as it is seen that it responds to the change in the priorities and needs as well as cultural and economical conditions. Social interaction The social interactions are the way people behave with each other in the society. There is a particular reference group and it affects the preferences of the individual whether to interact with the people. The reference group is the family, friends, neighbors as well as the colleagues of the people. It was seen that the people are surrounded by the people that they try to protect by managing the space, eye contact etc. the social interaction are the forces that binds the social systems (Importance of Social Interactions, 2015). Contrast and Analysis Social structured and interactions are the foundations on which the life is based. People need to interact continuously with other person to survive in the society. The society at large is divided into two aspects- the Macro sociology and the Micro sociology (Mayes, 2005). The macro sociology is based on the broader aspect of the society and the goals are to find the influence of the society at large, whereas the micro sociology deals with the face to face interactions of the people in the society. It is more of a symbolic interaction. It must be kept in the mind that the social structures provide a limit to our actions and our behaviours. We behave in a certain manner not because of our genes or biological factors but by the situation in which the people is, or the social structure. From the above it can be seen that the social interaction is more important though the structure cannot be denied. It is due to the structure that the people interact with each other. The culture determines the way the people behaves the values within the people, and the upbringing of the person (Stauder, 2014). Moreover the income, occupation and the education of the people determines how the person will behave with the people and the attitude he has towards the others. The status of the person is the position the person occupy in the society, his respect in the society and the way people perceives are important aspects of the social structure. The people see the roles as important factors in their lives and often find that they are happy if the people are given important roles to play in the society. There are certain other factors which are important for the people in the society which are parts or the divisions of the social structure. The behavior of the people changes in respon se to the change in the values and the norms of the society and the place in which the person belongs. Social interaction is the most essential part which holds the society together. It is by this that the people in the society share social bonds as well as values (Scheinkman, 2015). There is little diversity in the way the people behave in the society unless it for the way people interacts with each other. The people often use symbolic interactions. It is by the interactions that the people are able to understand and perceive the attitude, and behavior of the people. There are various ways by which the people interact like verbally, eye contact, touching, and stereotyping. The first impression of the people set the base for the interactions of the people. People are social beings, and they cannot survive in the society without socializing with the other people (Wps.prenhall.com, 2015). Moreover interaction develops the personality of the person right from the childhood. The more the people interact with others the more the self esteem of the people develops. Throughout the life of the people they interact with each other to sustain in the society with continuous learning at each steps of life. Thus it is seen that the people find interaction with others of more importance than the culture, status, roles. References Importance of Social Interactions. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.stancoe.org/cfs/handouts/specialnds/pdf/importanceofsocialinteractions.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Mayes, P. (2005). Linking Micro and Macro Social Structure Through Genre Analysis.Research on Language Social Interaction, 38(3), pp.331-370. Scheinkman, J. (2015).Social Interactions. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.princeton.edu/~joses/wp/socialinteractions.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Social Structure and Social Interaction. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Pearson Education, Inc. Available at: https://www3.ncc.edu/faculty/soc/feigelb/soc201online/summary/ch4.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Stauder, J. (2014). Friendship networks and the social structure of opportunities for contact and interaction.Social Science Research, 48, pp.234-250. Wps.prenhall.com, (2015).Social Structure and Social Interaction. [online] Available at: https://wps.prenhall.com/ca_ab_henslin_soc_4/54/13963/3574679.cw/-/3574768/index.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015].

William Carney as the first African

Sergeant William Carney was the first Afro-American soldier who received the prestigious Congressional Medal of Honor. Recognition of Carney’s courage by awarding him the Congressional Medal became a significant event in the history of the Civil War and the struggle for the equal rights of African Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on William Carney as the first African-American to Receive the Congressional Medal of Honor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The prestigious recognition of Carney’s courage was a turning point in the history of African Americans in the armed forces because previously African Americans not only had never been awarded medals but even were denied the right to take part in the Civil War because of the racial prejudices. â€Å"Many whites believed that they [African Americans] lacked the courage and intelligence to be effective soldiers† (Reef, 2010, p. 61). Howeve r, in 1863 the Union Army had to abandon this policy and start accepting African American recruits for the purpose of reinforcing their groups. The Massachusetts 54th Colored Infantry which William Carney joined in February, 1963 was one of the first Afro-American regiments. Displaying their courage in the face of death during the assault on Fort Wagner, Carney and his brother-soldiers managed to prove that they did have enough courage and experience for becoming effective soldiers. William Carney was one of the soldiers of the historical fifty-fourth that displayed not only their courage but also devotion to the ideals of the Civil War during the dangerous assault on Fort Wagner. According to the data of the Congressional Record, â€Å"Despite being shot twice, Carney planted the colors announcing, â€Å"Boys the old flag never touched the ground† (Congress, 2003, p. 5106). After the enemies shot Colonel Shaw who led the 54th and the soldier next to him who carried the Unio n flag, Carney did not let the flag fall disregarding his own intense pain from his wounds. It not only demonstrated his heroism and moral strength in the face of death but also encouraged other soldiers for continuing the struggle while some of them began to panic. â€Å"The sight of the national flag bolstered the soldiers’ courage and reminded them of the values for which they fought† (Reef, 2010, p. 62). When a soldier from a New York regiment offered his help in carrying the flag on the way to a hospital, Carney declined any assistance, admitting that only a soldier from 54th could do it. Though Carney got the Congressional medal only in May 23, 1900, he became the first person of his race who received such a prestigious award. The recognition of Carney’s courage and heroism implied the recognition of intelligence and courage of African-American soldiers in general. After the news of Carney’s courage spread throughout the country, thousands of Africa n Americans joined the Union Army and made their contribution to the end of the war (Walbridge, 2000, p. 77).Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Demonstrating his courage while capturing Fort Wagner as an important strategic object, William Carney proved that people of his race can be really useful citizens and persuaded his brother-soldiers to stand firm and preserve the ideals for which they struggled at a crucial moment of the battle (Cimbala and Miller, 2002, p. 436). The events at Fort Wagner and the Congressional Medal of Honor for the first African American were not only a significant vent in the course of the Civil War but also a step forward in the struggle against the racial prejudices and for the equal rights for African Americans. Demonstrating his courage in the face of death, William Carney did not betray the ideal of his country and his race, becoming a recognized n ational hero. Reference List Cimbala, P. Miller, R. (2002). Union soldiers and the northern home front: Wartime experiences, postwar adjustments. Chicago, IL: Fordham University Press. Congress (2003). Congressional record: Proceedings and debates of the 108th Congress first session. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. Reef, C. (2010). African Americans in the military. New York, NY: Facts on File Inc. Walbridge, M. (2000). African-American heroes of the Civil War. Portland, ME: Weston Walch Publisher.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on William Carney as the first African-American to Receive the Congressional Medal of Honor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on William Carney as the first African-American to Receive the Congressional Medal of Honor was written and submitted by user Deborah Parks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Technology PowerPoint Presentation essay

buy custom Technology PowerPoint Presentation essay Technology PowerPoint Presentation Introduction Innovative technologies can useful in enhancing communication in the criminal justice field. The technologies are useful tools in areas like court testimonies during trials, interviews, and interrogation. Indico system, for instance, can record and store both audio and video information. The software that is obtained in this way assist in reducing time and increasing quality in the criminal justice process from the time of arrest to trials. It also helps in obtaining evidence. Videoconferencing is useful in Danish courts, since it helps in the interviewing of detainees who are in distant places. Discussion Use of Logica and Indico System in Interviews Interrogation Logica and Indico Systems together allow the judiciary to increase the investment's value in communications, conferencing, and recording. The two systems combined, allow institutions to provide customers with a high degree of reliability, safety, and administration of services of solutions that they invest in. The Danish police have found out that the Indico system is a new technique for interviewing, which produces a lot of information. The police force can now record interviews from witnesses and suspects in rape, homicide, and other crime-related cases. The combination of the two systems makes the interviewee to speak freely and uninterrupted about any recollection of events. Traditionally, the interview involves interruptions and pauses. According to the police, such cases lead to the inaccuracy of recorded and documented information. The interruptions can be due to a police officer trying to fill his or her report at the interview time. Now, the department of police at Roskilde (Denmark), has introduced a new technique, where there is an interview room having a sitting area. The interview area has microphones and video cameras, which are used to record video and audio sources. The system assists the investigator to obtain a lot of investigative material, since it makes both parties focus on the interview. The cognitive interview technique is an improvement, which is different from the traditional technque. In this technique, the interviewees are directed to go back to the event scene, then talk on their experiences in own words and timing. Inspector Jens Mller believes that the approach provides a more objective and broader interview. The method now is a pilot since it has managed to facilitate a limited number of interviews in a specific interrogation room. This technique is efficient because it can save the investigation time, only if the details and information are available at the beginning of the case. Use of Video Conferencing in Court Testimony It is now outdated for the police service to travel on Danish roads for case hearings. The videoconferencing in the courtroom enables the interviewing of detainees who are in the Jutland, and may not want to be present physically during the hearing. The year 2010 saw the inauguration of the new technology by the Esbjerg city court. The court administration Prison and Probation service, the prosecutor General, and the national police through collaboration equipped the Esbjerg and Snderborg court with videoconferencing and Indico Audio equipments, which are vital in recording of cases. This has made possible the hearing of certain cases by videoconferencing where participants are hailing from about four locations. Previously, police were transporting prisoners for distances as long as 100 kilometers to the court for the hearing of their cases, but the new equipment now enables this hearing to take place by video conference between the remand centre and the court. This curbs a situation where a prisoner may attempt to escape during transportation to court. Videoconferencing equipment can also serve as evidence of police surveillance videos during the hearing and for securing audio recordings, which securely records the trials. Surette (2010) described the positive and negative effects of new technologies in criminal justice system. Overall positive effect due to new technologies Innovative technologies in the criminal justice field are vital because: 1. They increase case output by using computer-based systems to record and monitor proggress on court cases. 2. They help in rapid transfer of the case details by use of computer communication systems. 3. They positively identify other prosecutions, which are pending on individuals by enabling access to registers of other courts or prosecutors. 4. They enable a high, successful rate of cases by analyzing case details and allowing rapid access to case law and statutes. 5. They assist with decision making, especially in selecting charges, by use of computer systems to look into charges and pleas. Overall negative effect due to new technologies 1. No technology gives a magic tool for solving complicated issue like crimes. Overreliance on innovative technologies may not solve some detailed criminal cases. 2. In a country or area where the technology is not advance, the use of innovative technologies in criminal justice becomes challenging. 3. The innovative technologies discourage the use of paperwork in the criminal justice system; hence, if there is a technical breakdown in the system the prosecutions will halt. Conclusion Innovative technologies are powerful tools in the system of criminal justice. They are crucial in the interviews, interrogations, and court testimonies. Logica and Indico Systems assist the courts to increase communications in case related issues like conferencing and recording. The Danish police use the Indico system for interviews in order to produce enough information. This concerns the use of audio and video sources. Videoconferencing is also useful for conducting court hearings instead of transporting prisoners over a long distance, which in can even provide them with an opportunity to escape. Although the technologies present some challenges, they have many positive effects like speeding up the case hearings and increasing the success rate of court cases. Buy custom Technology PowerPoint Presentation essay

Shakespeares Plays Sorted by Tragedy, Comedy, History

Shakespeares Plays Sorted by Tragedy, Comedy, History It is not always easy to categorically say whether a William Shakespeare play is a tragedy, comedy, or history, because Shakespeare blurred the boundaries between these genres, especially as his work developed more complexity in themes and character development. But those are the categories into which the First Folio (the first collection of his works, published in 1623; he died in 1616) was divided, and thus, they are useful to start the discussion. The plays can be generally classified into these three broad categories based on whether the main character dies or is bequeathed a happy ending and whether Shakespeare was writing about a real person.   This list identifies which plays are generally associated with which genre, but the classification of some plays is open to interpretation and debate and changes over time. Shakespeare’s Tragedies In Shakespeares tragedies, the main protagonist has a flaw that leads to his (and/or her) downfall. There are both internal and external struggles and often a bit of the supernatural thrown in for good measure (and tension). Often there are passages or characters that have the job of lightening the mood (comic relief), but the overall tone of the piece is quite serious. The 10 Shakespeare plays generally classified as tragedy are as follows: Antony and CleopatraCoriolanusHamletJulius CaesarKing LearMacbethOthelloRomeo and JulietTimon of AthensTitus Andronicus Shakespeare’s Comedies Shakespeares comedies are sometimes further subdivided into a group called romances, tragicomedies, or problem plays, which are the dramas that have elements of humor, tragedy, and complex plots.  For example, Much Ado About Nothing begins like a comedy  but soon descends into tragedy- leading some critics to describe the play as a tragicomedy. Others debated or cited as tragicomedies include The Winters Tale, Cymbeline, The Tempest, and The Merchant of Venice.   Four of his plays are often called his late romances, and they include: Pericles, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest. Problem plays are so-called because of their tragicomic elements and moral issues, and they dont end perfectly tied up, such as Alls Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure and Troilus and Cressida. Regardless of all that debate, the 18 plays generally classified as comedy are as follows: Alls Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of ErrorsCymbelineLoves Labour’s LostMeasure for MeasureThe Merry Wives of WindsorThe Merchant of VeniceA Midsummer Nights Dream Much Ado About NothingPericles, Prince of TyreThe Taming of the ShrewThe Tempest Troilus and CressidaTwelfth NightTwo Gentlemen of VeronaThe Two Noble KinsmenThe Winters Tale Shakespeare’s Histories Sure, the history plays are all about real figures, but it can also be argued that  with the downfall portrayed of the kings in Richard II and Richard III, those history plays could also be classified as tragedies, as they were billed back in Shakespeares day. They would easily be called tragedy plays were the main character of each fictional. The 10 plays generally classified as history plays are as follows: Henry IV, Part IHenry IV, Part II​Henry VHenry VI, Part IHenry VI, Part IIHenry VI, Part III​Henry VIIIKing JohnRichard IIRichard III

Analyzing the Relationship between United States and North Korea Research Paper

Analyzing the Relationship between United States and North Korea - Research Paper Example In 1994, after the death of Kim Il Sung, his son Kim Jong Il assumed the power and continued on with his father’s policies. Their anti-West approach and hatred for the South Korea has led to a very fragile relation with the United States. (Porter) After the supposed end of the Cold War, in 1995 North Korea managed to reach an agreement with United States to build nuclear reactors on their territory. Nevertheless, soon enough North Korea, as being unpredictable and ruthless, showed signs of the same by sending missiles flying right over its neighbor Japan. This was taken as a direct threat to the sovereignty of Japan and posed an immediate threat of any future attack on their soil. A clear indication had been given by North Korea that they were working on the development of their nuclear arms. A turning point occurred in 2002, when President George W. Bush in his State of the Union Address labeled North Korea as â€Å"Axis of Evil† along with Iran and Iraq. In the same year US stopped oil shipments to DPKR in protest to their secretive nuclear armament program. Following this, North Korea kicked out international nuclear inspectors from its nuclear plants as a retaliation move. The already shallow relations between the two nations started to soar and worsen. North Korea claimed that they were developing their nuclear program in response to the risk of imminent attack from the US, while at the same time heavily fortified and militarized their border with South Korea. United States does not have any diplomatic relations with North Korea as their imposed trade sanctions on North Korea still exist to this day. Sweden acts on behalf of the US interests in North Korea and helps in facilitating relations between the two countries. (Affairs) In the following year, 2003, North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and terminated the freeze on its existing plutonium-based nuclear facilities. They further went on to expel IAEA

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 194

Assignment Example lps in advicing the dest way to use these devices and on the other hand, it gives some kind of products that are very hard to use in this type of connectivity. Amazon.com is an American International electronis commerce company, the largest in the world online retailer founded by Jeffrey P. Bezos in 1994. MIS and IT look similar while they are not. MIS majors in business problems like marketing and accounting while IT focuses on the better understanding of technology (Laudon, Kenneth and Jane p. 6). When you walk out of the store, the radio waves are picked up by the coiled metal aerial in the label.The chip modifies the waves incoming and sends them back again by transmitting a unique identifier code as the receiver picks up the identifier code then sounds the alarm and so you can caught when you try stealing at the store using RFID. Critical path in a project is simply all errands that determine the end date in your project schedule. In case one of the errands is late by even a day , then the project will have to be extended by a day. Social Engineering Attack refers to the psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or even divulging very confidential

Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perking Gilman Essay Example for Free

Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perking Gilman Essay In the article â€Å"Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perking Gilman: Architects of female power† the author attempts to compare and contrast the convictions and beliefs of Charlotte Gilman and, her great-aunt, Catharine Beecher. One of the most important factors that is seen repeatedly in the article, is the concept that the environment encompassing the home is the center of all commerce for a woman. This thought process continues to build and establishes the idea that what begins in the home continues to radiate out into the lives of the woman and her family. Each female author further attempted to define the roles of a woman directly corresponding with the roles beginning in a woman’s private life and extending into the public life. Although Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Gilman had completely different interpretations of this ideology, the fact that the foundation of the argument was the same purports that the concept, regardless of interpretation, could have some basis on reality. The author of this article, Valerie Gill, very thoroughly cites from not only Catharine Beecher’s books â€Å"A Treatise on Domestic Economy† and â€Å"American Woman’s Home,† but also from Charlotte Gilman’s book â€Å"Moving the Mountain† and several of her lectures and articles including an article titled â€Å"Applepieville.† Gill (1998) states, that â€Å"Like Catharine Beecher, Gilman links the role of the women to the general health of the social system; the dependent and isolated situation of women in their homes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 2). Gill (1998) goes on to further state that â€Å"In spite of their different strategies for defining and locating women, however, Beecher and Gilman share an interest in the topography of female experience† and that â€Å"Both writers conceptualize the identity of women in spatial as well as socioeconomic terms, assuming that the fulfillment of their own sex can be quite literally mapped o ut.† (p. 2). The article then moves into much greater detail, analyzing each woman’s many forms of printed material. The extent and degree of information and detail written in this article about each represented author and their contributing works can ultimately be  seen as one of the articles main strengths. However, although this article gives a vast amount of information on the women’s opinions and beliefs the article at times seems disassembled and erratic. The flow of the article is somewhat hard to follow, and without an increased measure of concentration, the ability of the reader to comprehend and decipher whom the author is speaking of can be lost. Also, with the extensive amounts of information and detail that each female author contributes to the argument, readers are bombarded with data to interpret and distinguish upon. With the author of the article not decisively choosing the strongest points of argument from each author, the information becomes overwhelming and possibly confusing at times. The article â€Å"Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perking Gilman: Architects of female power† attempts to give readers two different perspectives of a woman’s role in her home and how this affects her presence in society. Readers are given a multitude of supporting facts from both women’s interpretations on the topic. This fact, in certain circumstances, proves to be not only a strength of the article but also a weakness. Regardless of how each woman author interpreted these ideals, the simple fact remains clear that each assumed the role and presence of a woman becomes clearly defined as beginning in the home. References Gill, V. (1998). â€Å"Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perking Gilman: Architects of female power†. Journal of American Culture, 21 (2). Retrieved from http://ctcdns02.ctcd.edu:2122/search/multiSearch.do;jsessionid=F6C4B68D9202464AFE8BAF1AC27987B8

Theories of Sociology :: Sociology Essays

There are many theories in sociology to get the better understanding of a society. Many things impact an individual’s behaviour, lifestyles, relationship and much more. Technology is one of the many things that affect the people. Internet is used worldwide and we can use sociology to determine what importance and place it holds in the society. To understand this invention and implication the society better, this paper will cover upon the three well-known theories which are’ Conflict, functionalism, and symbolic internationalism theories. There three theories look at the internet from different view point such as from a micro level and macro level. Functionalism focuses on the society as a whole, where as conflict theory focuses on group within that society, and symbol interactional focuses on individuals in the group and society. Thus, the view point changes depending on the population and the perspective. One of the important perspectives is a structural-functionalism. This approach focuses on â€Å"various components of society without prioritizing or assessing their importance to the social system as a whole; in effect all elements of a society are weighed equally† (Naiman, 2004; pp.18). In terms of internet, a functionalist would see the internet as a resource that brings efficiency in the lives of individuals for the reason that it is convenient. It also allows people to interact with one another around the world. A functionalist would ask questions regarding the function of the internet in the society would be: how does the internet help people access their provisions faster? How does it help people acquire knowledge and how can services be accessible to the demanding population? Thus, it mainly considers the benefits for all instead of few individuals. The internet is more efficiently used now a days because it saves one’s time. An individual can spend few minutes online, booking a flight ticket instead of going to the travel agency in-person or calling the customer services and going through a long hectic procedure. As the technology gets advance, it plays even greater role in shaping the lives of the individuals. Also, some people may wish to visit the bureaucracies. However, others may not have the time to visit the offices due to family responsibilities or for other reasons. Functionalist theorist would see a vast benefit when it comes to administrative related online services. It eliminates the waiting list and makes life easier for the citizens and it will take less space in the bureaucracies.

A character from a book, movie, or television program Essay

â€Å"Then I shall die as one of them!† A line said by one of the most noble of characters in my favourite movies of all time. The Lord of the Rings is a story that is epically written by J.R.R Tolkien. It is a three part book that has been adapted into film with many characters that individually play important roles in the story. Aragorn son of Arathorn had caught my attention from his very first appearance in the trilogy. Aragorn son of Arathorn is the heir of Isildur. He is also known as Elessar by the people of Gondor. By the people around the Shire, he is known as Strider, the dark rider with no name. Aragorn always looks disheveled with his beard and lone ranger clothes. Despite that, he could woo any woman he passes by as he is very handsome and macho. Whenever he cleans himself up, you could see the kingly heir of Isildur that he is. As a child, Aragorn lost his father who was killed brutally by orcs. As a result, he grew up in Rivendell amongst the fair elves as his mother wanted him protected from his dangerous lineage. Many enemies wanted him dead for he was from a line of very powerful kings that had defeated the evil Sauron. Aragorn portrays many kingly characteristics in the movie. He has the characteristics of a very good leader, just as his ancestors did. Though compared to them, he is a better man and a wiser king. In battle, Aragorn plans excellent strategies. He led a war in The Return of the King and won it proudly. Also, Aragorn has nobility that is worth noting. In the name of his people and Frodo Baggins, he would fight till his death and protect them. Aragorn always fought side by side full of pride with his people in war. Aragorn son of Arathorn or more commonly known as Strider by Samwise Gamgee, one of his respected nine companions in the Fellowship of the Ring, is a very interesting character. From the very start of the movie, he stood out from all the other characters. As a result, he had caught so much of my attention that I would eagerly await all of his appearance in every scene of The Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Othello vs Iago

It is a known fact that the actions someone makes throughout his/her life fashions the kind of person he/she is, however this is not always the case. Ultimately it was Othello who was in control of his own behaviour though he was highly influenced. Despite the fact that Iago had finished the deed of killing Roderigo, he was more in control of the others thoughts than actions. Together, Iago and Othello were fundamentally in charge of their lives though powerless to their thoughts and actions.Nonetheless only one can be the most responsible for the tragic events that occur in this play. Insecurities have a powerful effect on the human mind, and thats just what happened to Othello, he succumbed to his insecurities. Being a different race and a general could be said to be rare in the time period that this play took place which may have led to why Othello was reacting so irrationally. He allowed his mind to play tricks on him by latching on to anyone who had shown kindness to him during a stressful event which led to his fatal flaw: Pride.Though he loved Desdemona with all his heart, his pride seemed to be a bit more important. He would not listen to his wife because of the newfound tainted picture of her which meant to him to eliminate the one thing that would ruin his image of himself. In the end actions spoke louder than words and he gave in to the murderous ways that ago had planted in his head. With a great minds comes great responsibilities, responsibilities Iago seemed to ignore by allowing his jealousy to take over.Honest Iago truly was honest however, he was also extremely clever. He knew how to twist the thoughts of the people around him turning them into his little puppets in order to keep his hands clean. A highly effective instigator which led to the deaths of all the characters who died by manipulating the people around him. when all is said and done, it was Iago who really Influenced the actions preformed by Othello.

Roderick Chisholms Solution to “the Problem of the Criterion” Essays

Roderick Chisholms Solution to â€Å"the Problem of the Criterion† Essays Roderick Chisholms Solution to â€Å"the Problem of the Criterion† Paper Roderick Chisholms Solution to â€Å"the Problem of the Criterion† Paper Roderick Chisholm’s Solution to â€Å"The Problem of the Criterion† In this paper, I will argue that Roderick Chisholm fails to give an adequate solution to the problem of the criterion. According to Chisholm, the problem of the criterion is the ancient problem of â€Å"the wheel† or â€Å"vicious circle† (Chisholm, 77). Chisholm explains the problem of the criterion by stating that in order to know whether things are as they seem to be, we must have a procedure for recognizing things that are true from things that are false (Chisholm, 77). He then states that to know if the procedure is a good one, we have to know if it really recognizes things that are true from things that are false, and that we cannot know whether it really does succeed unless we already know what things are true and what things are false (Chisholm, 77). Thus, we are caught in a circle (Chisholm, 77). Chisholm states two questions that he says express some of the philosophical issues that are involved with the problem of the criterion. Question â€Å"A† says, â€Å"What do we know? What is the extent of our knowledge? and question â€Å"B† says, â€Å"How are we to decide whether we know? What are the criteria of knowledge? † (Chisholm, 79). Chisholm considers a skeptical solution for the problem of the criterion and, two non-skeptical solutions for the problem of the criterion (Chisholm, 80). One of the non-skeptical solutions Chisholm considers is â€Å"methodism†. According to Chisholm, â€Å"methodists† are th ose who think that they have an answer to question â€Å"B† and from that, they can then figure out the answer to question â€Å"A† (Chisholm, 80). The other non-skeptical solution Chisholm presents is â€Å"particularism†. According to Chisholm, â€Å"particularists† are those who think they have an answer to question â€Å"A† and from that, they can then figure out the answer to question â€Å"B† (Chisholm, 80). Chisholm himself prefers the non-skeptical solution to the problem of the criterion of â€Å"particularism† (Chisholm, 81). Chisholm argues that there are things that we know to be true (Chisholm, 81). He claims that if we report to someone what we are now seeing, hearing, and feeling then the chances are that the report will be correct and that we must trust our senses (Chisholm, 81). On the other hand Chisholm presents the fact that people often think they see, hear, or feel things that they do not really see, hear, or feel, and that the senses do sometimes deceive us (Chisholm, 81). Similarly, Chisholm states that the same things can be argued about what we remember (Chisholm, 81). After Chisholm presents these points he brings up an epistemological principle that was formulated by St. Augustine which demonstrates Chisholm’s argument, â€Å"It is more reasonable to trust the senses that to distrust them. Even though there have been illusions and hallucinations, the wise thing, when everything seems all right, is to accept the testimony of the senses. † (Chisholm, 81). I object to Chisholm’s argument because it fails to give an adequate solution to the problem of the criterion. Although it is explained well, it does not solve the problem. Chisholm gives explanations of the skeptical and non-skeptical solutions that seem to alleviate the problem, but after reading this article I was left with the same question in my mind, â€Å"What came first? The chicken or the egg. † Bibliography 1. Chisholm, Roderick (1973). â€Å"The Problem of the Criterion. † In Philosophical inquiry, Adler and Elgin (eds). Indianapolis: Hackett 77-85.

French Pronunciation of the Double L

French Pronunciation of the Double L In French, the double L is sometimes pronounced like an L  and other times like a Y. How do you know when to pronounce it each way? This lesson explains the general rules and the inevitable exceptions. Rules for Pronouncing LL As a general rule, the double L after A, E, O, U, and Y is pronounced like an L: une balle, elle, mollement, une idylle, etc. If there are exceptions to this, Ive never found them. In words with I followed by LL, the rules are a bit more complicated. The double L is always pronounced like a Y in letter combinations with vowel ILL: aill (e.g., taille)eill (oreille)euill (feuille)Å“ill (Å“illet)ouill (grenouille)ueill (cueillir)uill (juillet) And LL is pronounced like a Y in words such as fille, la Bastille, Millau, and chantilly. However, there  are also many words in which the double L is pronounced like an L (follow links to hear the words pronounced). This is the complete list: un bacille  - germ, bacillusbillevesà ©es - nonsenseun billion - trillioncapillaire - capillaryun codicille - codicildistiller - to distillune fibrille - small fiber (fibrillaire, fibrillation)*un krill - krillLille - town in northern Francelilliputien - Liliputianmille - thousand (un millà ©nium, millier, etc.)un mille - mile (le millage)milli- (prefix)un milliard - billion (un milliardaire, le milliardià ¨me, etc.)un million - million (un millionaire, le millionià ¨me, etc.)osciller - to oscillate, swingun/e pupille* - ward of the stateune pupille* - pupilune scille - scillaune spongille - spongillatranquille - calm, tranquilun verticille - verticilun vexille - vexillumune ville - town (une villa, un village, etc.)une zorille - zorilla The (parentheses) indicate derivations which are also pronounced like an L. *These words may be pronounced either way.

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Book Review - Essay Example However, the intrinsic qualities of both the works cannot be negated. In the book, â€Å"Taj Mahal† (Wonders of the World) by â€Å"Giles Tillotson†, writer elaborates the history regarding the construction of the â€Å"Taj Mahal†. Writer describes that the design of the Taj is the combination of Iranian, Afghani and Indian construction techniques while Islamic designs have also played an important in the overall construction. The doom and the minarets of the Taj are originally Islamic architectural techniques. According to the writer, Taj Mahal was constructed by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan around 1631 to 1653. White Marble is the main constructional element of the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan bought the location of the Taj Mahal from Maharajah Jai Singh and presented a vast palace in Agra as an exchange for the land. The foundation took about 12 years to complete while the whole Taj took about 22 years to get completed. Shah Jahan, built the Taj as the mausoleum of his beloved wife, â€Å"Mumtaz Mahal†. Shah Jahan’s wife Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth. He immensely loved his wife and decided to build a mausoleum as final resting place for his wife. The mausoleum has four minarets at the four corners of the foundation. Taj lies in the middle of the foundation. It has a single bigger doom. There are several rooms inside the Taj besides a wide-open place in the centre of the building. The foundation is about 5-6 feet about the surface. Wells were dug and then filled with stones to build the foundation of the Taj Mahal. White marble was used in the construction as the major element, while sapphire, silver and gold were used to beautify the structure. The beautiful gardens with lush green grass and trees and fountains enhance the mystical beauty of the structure. At night, the translucent marble of the Taj, shines and presents a beautiful scene. During the day, the sunlight tries to

Create a 2015 campaign for Turkish Airlines in Chinese Market Coursework

Create a 2015 campaign for Turkish Airlines in Chinese Market - Coursework Example establish an effective marketing mix and the promotional mix the company needs to establish an effective and efficient market communication strategy (Kola & Akinyele, 2010). Communication is very important for building a sound relationship between the organization and its stakeholders. Marketing communication is considered as a strategic tools and tactics, to get the desired marketing feedback. These strategies support the company to identify the target markets for further expansion of the business to gain market share and high profitability. There are several marketers derive benefits by applying the marketing communication mix. Moreover, marketers will be benefited by the application and adoption of marketing communication, which will be helpful to understand about their competitors (Fill & Jamieson, 2006). In this paper, the objective is to frame a campaign regarding the establishment of Turkish airlines in the Chinese market with the help of marketing communication plans. The Turkish Airliners is one of the renowned airlines of Europe. Most of the times, the Turkish Airlines is known as a Flag Carrier Airlines. The head quarter of the Turkish Airlines is in Istanbul. It was founded in the year 1933 in Turkey. The main aim of the company is to provide cargo services to its customers in the domestic and international base. It provides services in about 41 and 206 domestic and international airports respectively. It is considered world’s fourth largest carrier airlines in terms of serving about 247 destinations to its customers (Turkish Airlines, 2012). As per the ranking is concerned in the year 2014 it is 5th in the airline industry (Skytrax, 2014). Now, the Turkish Airlines is trying to establish its business in the market of China. However, the Turkish airlines are one of the famous airlines of Europe but it did not get the much success in capturing the Chinese market (1Turkish Airlines, 2012). The objective of the study is to project that an effective

Current Events Journal 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Events Journal 3 - Essay Example The Federal government has also contemplated this issue. Many Republican congressmen would go as far as to amend the U.S. Constitution to ban gay marriage. An article by Steve LeBlanc that appeared recently in the Boston Globe examined this issue. An important concept of the Constitution provides that those of a minority opinion cannot have their rights as Americans taken away by those that subscribe to the current majority opinion. Thus, a vote should not determine whether or not gays should be able to marry. Opponents to gay marriage argue that democracy is based on the will of the people thus the decision should be in the hands of the voters. They also say that a judge should not be able to abolish centuries of tradition with no consideration of majority opinion. Being gay is a choice and therefore their civil rights are not being violated and they are not experiencing discrimination. By contrast, a person of minority heritage, women and the disabled do not have a choice. A letter was issued to Massachusetts lawmakers from 165 prominent business and civic leaders asking that legislators frame the gay marriage issue as a civil rights concern when debating the question of amending the State’s Constitution. The letter read, in part, â€Å"†¦we should not write discrimination into the Constitution and oppose efforts to amend the Constitution that would take away rights, including the right of gay and lesbian citizens to marry.† Another letter, released by the four Catholic bishops in the state supported a gay marriage ban amendment. â€Å"The debate over the meaning of marriage should not be limited to government officials since the magnitude of the issue calls for the full participation of the public. Neither the judiciary nor the legislature should substitute itself for the sovereignty of the people, especially on such a foundational matter as the meaning of marriage.† The

Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process

Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Care and Nutrition leads the research pack. They are proud to say that name after the Leicestershire town where Pedigree UK has its headquarters. It is the worlds leading authority on pet care and nutrition. Those of the researches into dogs nutritional requirements are sponsored by WALTHAM . This could lead to academics and pet experts. The experts in Pedigree product development and nutrition work closely with the scientists and researchers at the WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. Pedigree food for dogs is works with WALTHAM to develop and produce recipes with exceptional nutritional value. Pedigree is a nonprofit organization. It is dedicated to helping dogs find loving homes. Pedigree brand believes that every dog deserves a loving home. They also believe that every dog deserves leading nutrition. It is identified through the review on research studies on the requirements of dogs of different breeds, size and life stages. Based on the researches from WALTHAM Centre for Pet Centre for Pet Nutrition, it identified the four universal needs for dogs which are skin and coat, oral care, digestion and immunity. Besides that, there are many types of products are included in the dry product line which includes eight different product options. The products are PEDIGREE Adult Complete Nutrition, PEDIGREE PUPPY Complete Nutrition, PEDIGREE SMALL BREED Nutrition, PEDIGREE LARGE BREED Nutrition, PEDIGREE Health Longevity, PEDIGREE Healthy Weight, PEDIGREE Healthy Joints and PEDIGREE Wholesome Nutrition with Chicken, Rice Vegetables. Objective The effective communication between producers and consumers is one of the real main objectives of advertising. First of all, creation of demand is one of the objectives for Pedigree advertisement. In order to induce new customers and maintain their old customers to purchase Pedigree product, advertisement of Pedigree inform them its qualities and create a favorable climate for maintaining of improving sales. This will also increases the market receptiveness of the Pedigrees products. Furthermore, Pedigree advertisement that played in the television such as 8TV, ASTRO and etc channels is to remind the public. This is a continuous process of persuading the perspective customers with results in purchase of good. It is also can reminds the public about the existence of the Pedigree products in the market. The Pedigree advertisement shown the advantages for consumer purchase Pedigree products for their dogs. Besides that, short and simple information about Pedigree products is shown in the advertisement. This information is given to prospective buyers in respect of particular product or service through the advertisement. In this competitive market, Pedigree advertisements can help to build up Pedigree brand image and brand loyalty. This is where they can differentiate with the competitors. Pedigree aired this advertisement on television is to deliver the five signs of good health of Pedigree products to the audience of television. Each of every signs of good health is being point out in the advertisement. Product Features Pedigree product features are well explained in the advertisement. The name of the advertisement is called Pedigree 5 signs of good health TVC. The dog that Pedigree used to advertise in the commercial is called olive. It is look like a healthy dog breed. From the Pedigree advertisement can see that Olive become a healthy dog after six weeks of consumed Pedigree products. This Pedigree advertisement shown that dog deserves a healthy change like Olive. There are four universal needs of dogs which are skin and coat, oral care, digestion and immunity. This is one of the Pedigree product features is to let people know and attract dog owner to purchase Pedigree products that can change their dogs health. The Pedigree first sign of good health is stronger teeth. Olive has a clean gums and teeth after consuming Pedigree for six weeks. The number one health issue for pet dogs today is gum disease. Stronger muscle is the second sign of good health. In the advertisement, this can see that Olive run better with the protein provided in the Pedigree product. Furthermore, after feeding Olive with Pedigree products for six weeks, it produces quality of firm stool which can be seen in the advertisement. This is known that Olive has a good dietary system which contains of fiber. Olive has a healthy skin and smooth coat after consuming Pedigree. It is shown in the advertisement where the little girl can lay on Olive as her pillow. The fifth sign of Pedigree good health is cheerful and active. From the advertisement can see that Olive enjoys and have a great time playing with the little girl. The scene is at the playground with little girl holding a ball in her hand. Besides from the Pedigree five signs of good health, it also encourage people participate the campaign with shown register from 1 May 15 July 2012 and sign up on the Pedigree Malaysia Facebook in the advertisement. Appeal and Proposition The advertising appeals that used by Pedigree for their advertisement is feature appeal. This appeal is categorized as one of the information or rational appeals. Pedigree advertisement mainly showed the benefits of feeding dogs with Pedigree products and how good the product is. This advertisement tends to show the five most basic advantages for dogs after consuming Pedigree for 6 weeks. Pedigree can gained more customers confident by releasing this advertisement on television. It is quite an informative advertisement after viewing it compare to others. Pedigree advertisement also might persuade a dog owner to change his or her brands of food for their dog. Unique The unique of Pedigree advertisement is make a change for dogs health life. Dog owner always need to find a right food for their dogs in term of type, life stage, size and specific need. There are also sub category that under all this terms. Pedigree brand dry dog food has been improved based on the four most basic and important needs for dogs such as digestibility, skin and coat, oral care and immunity. Pedigree develops recipes with exceptional nutritional value based on the WALTHAM research as the basis for its recent dog food reformulation. Besides that, with the leading nutrition in the Pedigree products help dogs have a healthy digestion. This is shown in the advertisement that Olive has a firm stools after feeding with Pedigree Products for six weeks later. In the overall health and well-being of the dog, diet digestibility plays a large role in it. Dog need a proper digestion of the diet to live a healthy and enriched its life. This also impacts the quality and amount of stool that is produced by the dog. Dogs most metabolically active organ is their skin and coat. It is because it serves as an outward sign of the overall health status of the dog. In the advertisement, we can see that Olive skin change to a very smooth fur after six weeks later. The skin and coat play a much larger role in canine health. This is because it requires many nutrients and heavily participates in the dogs metabolism. Pedigree products that shown in the advertisement make the dog owner feel like switching their dogs food to pedigree brand. This can be proved in the advertisement that Olive becomes active dog after feeding with Pedigree products. There are interactive guides for the process or changing by just following the simple steps. Dog owner cannot change a dogs diet too quickly because this could make the dogs tummy unhappy and can cause the dog suffer from stomachache and diarrhea. This is also a reason why it might take a week for the transition period. Furthermore, Pedigree advertisement is different from competitors. It is because seldom can see food for dog advertisement in television except Pedigree. Pedigree advertisement showed in ASTRO channels for two different language versions based on the channels itself which are Chinese and English. In this Pedigree advertisement showed all the special of the brand and how the dog change after six weeks if it consume Pedigree products. Pedigree advertisement seems to be unique in a way that seldom television audiences get to watch Pedigree competitors commercial in any of the channels. This brings a great advantage to Pedigree after they showed their advertisement in television. Pedigree have a great product image of food for dog in the audience mindset because the frequent brand they heard and watched before, the more likely they will purchase for their dog as well. Benefits One of the benefits of Pedigree advertisement is that dogs become healthier and stronger after feeding with Pedigree products. In the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that Olive turn to have a stronger muscle and bigger in size after six weeks. This can convince the dog owner to purchase Pedigree after they watched the advertisement. In addition, with the 5 changes on Olive that we can see from the Pedigree advertisement can conclude that it is a good transform on dog after six weeks of feeding. In this transformation period and at the end can provide dog owner better lifestyle on their dog. Dog owner no need to have extra take care of their dog after the six weeks. From the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that Pedigree product can help the dog owner save cost. This is because they just need to purchase specialized Pedigree product for their dogs based on their dogs need rather than few products combining. There is a disadvantage of mixing the food for dogs can cause their dietary problem and at the time Pedigree can help the dog owner save money for sending the dogs to vet. Moreover, in the end of the advertisement shown sign up now on the Pedigree Malaysia Facebook, this is because Pedigree is giving 100 deserving dogs six weeks worth of Pedigree products for them to attain the Pedigree 5 signs of good health. There is time limitation for this contest which is in between 1 May to 15 July 2012. In a shorter time of six weeks, a dog can transform itself to a healthy body and lifestyle. This is one of the benefits of Pedigree products that shown in the advertisement. The shorter time it took can be an advantage of winning from the competitors. Potency The potency for Pedigree Advertisement is that it is a product that every dog owner need for their dogs. It is effective enough of this advertisement where it can influence the dog owner switch their food for dog brands after watching it. This also can remind the dog owner that they can change their dog health care after six weeks consuming Pedigree products. With the 5 signs of good health shown in the advertisement, it is attractive to describe how good the product is. By watching the Pedigree advertisement, it might attract the audience to change the brands of food for dog to Pedigree. Lutzs Cognitive Learning Process There are four steps in the Lutzs cognitive leaning process. The first phase of the process is ad exposure. The Pedigree advertisement is being exposed through the television channels such as 8TV, ASTRO and etc channels. This advertisement usually played on the peak hour time. It is means that during night time around 8pm to 11pm this hours in between. This is also the time most audience is on for their television time. In the cognitive responses phase, Pedigree advertisement is based on the product or message thoughts. It is because from the advertisement we can see that Pedigree trying to deliver informative message to the audience about the five signs of good health after feeding dogs with Pedigree products. The message is been deliver in a success way which include of a sample success dog called olive and a little girl. Next, it is the attitudes phase. This is mean what kind of attitudes that dog owner who watched the Pedigree advertisement going to possess. It is either they continue with the brand they feeding their dog now or change to Pedigree by purchasing it. Pedigree also can influence the new dog owner to try on their products with the advertisement. Lastly, the purchase intent phase is that dog owner will purchase the product if they think that Pedigree might suitable for their dog after watching the advertisement shown in the television and some information research done in internet. They will walk into any outlets of selling Pedigree products for product checking that suitable for their dog and make a purchase on it. Target Audience / Segmentation There are two different language version of Pedigree advertisement which is English and Chinese. The English version of Pedigree advertisement is being aired on television in 8TV channel. It is showed around 8pm to 11pm from April 2012. This Pedigree advertisement is being played on this time is because most of audience will on their television watching news and drama at this hour after their dinner. Pedigree decided to advertise in 8TV channel is because most of the 8TV audience is Chinese and Pedigree is a food for dog where only Chinese and Indian who will adopt a dog in their house or garden. The target audience of this Pedigree advertisement is primarily focus on those Chinese dog owner or dog lover. It is because most of the dog owner is Chinese or Indian. Malay is not allowed to adopt dog as their pet and they hate dog as well. At this hour advertisement played on the television channel, most of the dog owner or audiences will have their relaxing time after a busy day. The secondary target audience of Pedigree advertisement is that audience who wish to have a dog. By watching this advertisement, they will know which brand of food going to buy for their dog in future. This can build a good brand image of Pedigree in the future customer mindset. Pedigree advertisement targeted on this two group of audiences, it is because they are more likely to have interest on Pedigree advertisement and probably will have a deeper research on the information and decide to purchase Pedigree brands of product or other. Pedigree can segment their market based on demographic segmentation. It can be segment based on the race. There are three races in our country which are Chinese, Malay and Indian. From the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that the Chinese little girl does not afraid of the dog Olive and playing around with it. This is because Pedigree brands is selling food for dog and most of Chinese like to adopt dog as their pet in the house. Some of Chinese even treat dog like their children. This is the segment that Pedigree is targeted. Besides that, Pedigree also can segment based on the group of age. There are few categories group of age such as young kids and teens, adults and senior citizen. In the advertisement, Pedigree used a little girl in it maybe because they want deliver that even a little girl is not afraid of dogs. Pedigree can target on the adults because in the busy city life, most of dog owner like to adopt a dog as their partner in the house. Moreover, Pedigree can segment based on psychographic segmentation that focus on the lifestyle. From the advertisement, we can see that the little girl playing around with Olive in a big garden where Olive chasing the little girl with a ball on her ball. This can showed that at some stage lifestyle of people who can afford to adopt a medium size dog like Olive. Those dog owners mostly are stay at land house where there have place for their dog in the garden or car park area. Behavioral segmentation can be segment for this Pedigree advertisement. Dog owner who want a change on their dogs health will put more attention on Pedigree products. From the Pedigree advertisement, it can see that the heath changes on Olive after six weeks of feeding it with Pedigree products. Audience also can participate with the contest on Pedigree five signs of good health for their dogs. This can help them discover the benefits and advantages of having Pedigree products for their dog. Inferences Pedigree is really a good food for dog with the leading nutrition and recipes that based on the research from The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. From the advertisement, we can see that Pedigree use a little girl as the ambassador in the commercial. Olive is the dog that Pedigree used it as the main role in the advertisement. This Pedigree advertisement is a twenty second commercial that aired on television. Pedigree product is being showed together with Olive consuming the dry food in the pots at the first second of the television commercial. At the first scene of this advertisement, little girl said thanks to Pedigree because it change Olives health. The Pedigree five signs of good health had change Olive in six week. From the Pedigree advertisement, found that the little girl is happy for the Olive changes by hugging it. There are five main inferences that get from this Pedigree advertisement. First of all, it is the stronger teeth of Olive. In the advertisement, we can see that the little girl pull up Olives mouth to show its teeth and tongue for the title of it. This can be proved that Pedigree can change dogs teeth after consuming its product after six weeks. Oral care for a dog is very important because they have different needs on the tooth development. Dog need to have a good oral hygiene program to maintain their good oral health with few components which include daily tooth brushing, routine dental exams and cleanings, as well as specially designed foods and chews. Olive have this oral health concern from the owner makes it healthier teeth after six weeks. The second inference that gets from Pedigree advertisement is that stronger muscle. In the advertisement, we can see that Olive can run very fast in the garden. The immune system of Olive is very important for dogs help to keep it healthy. Although it is an incredibly complex system with the comprised of several types of cells that works together to fight off. Dogs must supplement their diet with appropriate of antioxidant levels that is include in the Pedigree products to strengthened the dogs natural defenses. With the television commercial of Pedigree, it delivered that dogs can have a better immune system like Olive with the nutrition that provided in the packets of Pedigree products after feeding the dogs with that. Furthermore, the firm stools of a dog are very important. From the advertisement, we can see that the little girl is look surprised on the stools that process out by Olive. It is because Pedigree has changes Olive health after six weeks of consuming. The stools that shown in the advertisement are being censored replace by animation for the good sake of the audiences. The proper digestion system of a dog only can process out a firm stools. Pedigree products with the four most basic and important needs in it can help the changes in every dogs. The improved nutrient digestibility leads to an increase in the amount of nutrients available for use by the dog. The firm stools of Olive that shown in the advertisement is a sign that the dog is properly digesting and absorbing nutrients that including water from the gastrointestinal tract. Next, it is the healthy skin and coat. In the Pedigree advertisement, we can see that little girl is lying on Olives body and showing the skin and coat of it. Little girl touch Olives skin by delivering the message of dogs skin and coat will become very smooth like Olive after feeding them with Pedigree products. The change of health status of every dog can be observed first in the skin and coat. Skin and coat of the dogs provide some of function such as protection, immunity, thermoregulation, hydration and nutrient storage. The nutrients in the Pedigree products can increase the skin and coat health of dogs and at the mean time maintaining barrier function, participating in healthy cell turnover and producing a shinier coat. This can be observed through the Pedigree advertisement of the Olives skin and coat. It is shiny and warm of coat. The fifth sign of good health of dog is become cheerful and active after feeding with Pedigree products. From the advertisement, we can see Olive is happy and healthy now. The changes make on Olive also happen at the same time to the dog owner. Little girl can enjoy playing with active Olive where she has a partner to play with when she is bored. The four important basic needs in the Pedigree products have make dogs big difference in their lifestyle. Other than that, Pedigree advertisement also gives inference to audience that there is contest running by Pedigree. Pedigree released few examples of successful transform after six weeks to healthy dog pictures with their name on the bottom of the picture. The date of the registration for the contest named 5 signs of good health is shown in the advertisement to remind the audience when it is start and end. Pedigree Malaysia Facebook is where the audience supposed to register for their dogs. This also encourage audience to purchase Pedigree products for their dog for as an experience of changes. The music background that played in the whole twenty second of the advertisement is the theme song of Pedigree. Lastly, Pedigree brand logo is shown throughout the whole 20 second of advertisement.

Edgar Allen Poe Essay -- Biography Biographies Edgar Allen Poe Essays

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe's life was bombarded with misery, financial problems, and death but he still managed to become a world-renowned writer. Although he attended the most prestigious of schools he was often looked over as a writer and poet during his career. His stories were odd and misunderstood during their time. However, now they are loved a read by millions. On January 19, 1809 Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts at a lodging house. His parents David and Elizabeth Poe were professional actors who toured with a theatrical company. On December 8, 1811 his mother died of tuberculosis in Richmond, Virginia (Introduction). In July of 1810 Edgar's father vanished and it is speculated that he may have died December 11, 1811 in Norfolk, Virginia, just three days after his mother's death, but there is no record of this. In Richmond, Edgar was now taken into the home of the successful tobacco merchant, John Allan (Introduction). Edgar was never officially adopted but his foster parents acquired "Allan" into his name. In 1815 the Allans moved to Liverpool, England aboard the Lothair. While there, Edgar was sent to the finest schools, taught every proper accomplishment and brought up with the habits of elegant society (Introduction). In February of 1826 Poe entered the prestigious University of Virginia. While there, Edgar studied ancient and modern languages and received honors in both subjects. Poe soon became corrupted by his peers and learned to drink and gamble. He acquired enormous gambling debts that he could not pay and was forced to leave the University of Virginia since John Allan refused to pay his tuition over the gambling debts. In May of 1927 Poe enlisted in the army ... ...or inflicted on his characters, and his characters mental illnesses are all ways he connects with his readers. Poe's haunting descriptions and similarities between his life and his works draws the reader into a state of pity and sorrow while at the same times leaving them with a feeling of satisfaction. Works Cited "Edgar Allan Poe." Introduction to poetry Online Chapter 14- Biography. 9 April 2003. "Poe Chronology." Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. 9 April 2003. Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 3: Early Nineteenth Century - Edgar Allan Poe." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. 12 April 2003 Walsh, John Evangelist. Midnight Dreary: The Mysterious Death of Edgar Allan Poe. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998 Pattee, Fred Lewis, A.M., Litt.D. "VI. The Short Story." Bartleby.com. 15 April 2003.

The People of New England and the Chesapeake Colonies

Throughout history, many people from the same country have immigrated to different lands where their new lifestyles had very little in common. This was obvious in the settlement of the New England and Chesapeake colonies before 1700 which caused the development of dissimilar societies. The people of New England and the Chesapeake colonies formed different governments upon arrival to North America. They had different motives and incentives for immigrating to America. The composition of the colonists of New England and the Chesapeake area were nothing like one another during the settlement of the colonies.The people of the northern New England colonies and the southern Chesapeake colonies formed separate and different governments upon arrival in the New World. In New England, a town hall style of direct democracy was created. This created fair rule by the people, and property owning men could vote. Towns were set up for the common welfare of the people and for the glory of God not upon socio-economic standing. (Doc. D). People were not to be greedy but were allowed to make a living for their families. The people of New England set out to take care of one another and not to take advantage of their fellow man in pursuit of wealth (Doc.E). In the southern colonies of the Chesapeake, representative democracies were set up. The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first legislative body in the New World. The representative democracy was really more like an aristocracy in which the wealthy citizens controlled the government. Southern society was based upon economic status. There was a distinct upper and lower class (Doc. G). These aristocracies took money from the lower class and used it for the personal gains of the upper class which caused dissatisfaction in the lower class (Doc. H).These acts included the repossession of farms and other medial assets of the poor in the South. The dissatisfaction of the poor lead to Bacon’s Rebellion and many others that furthe r separated the socio-economic division so evident in the Chesapeake colonies. Because of the distinct differences in governing their colonies, the Chesapeake and New England colonies developed separate societies in the New World despite coming from the same mother England. The colonists of New England and the Chesapeake regions had different motives and incentives for settlement of the New World.New Englanders came to America in search of religious freedom. Their religious practices were a major aspect in colonization. The Puritans, who settled in present day Massachusetts, wanted to be an example to the rest of the world by governing their colony by their faith (Doc. A). The colonists of New England were prepared for a permanent settlement of their colony, so they brought with them the necessary provisions for the survival of their colony. Because the New Englanders had a plan for colonization, they prepared to survive the wilderness and freezing cold of the present day northeaste rn United States.The Chesapeake colonies were not so well prepared for life in the New World. The first Virginians were not intending on staying long. They had heard stories of gold in North America and were determined to get rich quick and return to England. The basis of the exploration of the Chesapeake Bay was a gold rush. Unfortunately, there was never much gold in the region. While the citizens of the colony were searching for gold, they did not worry about provisions. A harsh winter came upon the colony and brought Virginia into what historians call the Starving Time (Doc.F). Because the foundation of the Chesapeake colony was based on a search for wealth, necessary provisions were not thought of, so the southern colonies had a slow start on being a successful settlement. Because of differing interests and motives in colonization, the New Englanders had a head start in colonization and settlement on the Chesapeake colonists, thus developing a social divide in the colonists of the two regions. The demographical makeup and composition of the northern and southern colonists were different during the colonization of their settlements.The northern colonies were built to be permanent. They looked to the future, so the colonist brought their families over with them. This caused a healthy distribution of men and women as well as rich and poor (Doc. B). Socio-economic classes were not an issue as the people of New England were willing to work with one another for the good of the colony. Among these people were artisans and merchants that could contribute to society. These people became the base of their colony and helped their region to thrive for years to come.The southern colonies were composed of mostly treasure-seeking young men with no intrinsic value (Doc. C). They were not craftsmen or merchants; they were just young men in search of gold. Their lack of skills necessary for survival in the New World caused early southerners to depend on farming to survive. Only the rich could afford the land needed to become successful plantation owners in the South, but they relied on indentured servants and later slaves to maintain their lives in the colonies. This caused a natural divide between rich and poor in the South that became routine in southern life.The early set backs in colonization and lack of unity challenged the southerners for many generations to come. The supremacy of the northern colonies in economics and civilization in general caused the northerners to look down upon the southern colonies despite the fact that they too were Englishmen. Many people of the same nation have come to different lands and drifted apart in social divides. This was evident in the colonization of the northern and southern colonies before 1700, the cause of which was the development of separate societies.The people of the northern and southern colonies formed different governing bodies during the colonization of North America. These groups had different mo tives and incentives for coming to the New World. The demographical and social makeup of the colonists of New England and the Chesapeake area were different from one another during the colonization of the settlements. The Chesapeake and New England colonies became two separate societies despite the fact that both emigrated from England.

Astronomy: From the Earth to the End of the Universe

What is the universe? For something so mind numbingly large, it is quite simply to define – the universe is simply everything that exists. However let us ponder that question. Imagine a blind goldfish born and raised in a tiny fishbowl.For that goldfish, the universe is the gallon of water, the glass boundary, and the sand and ornaments sitting at the bottom. While it is apparent to us the universe is much larger than that, for the fish that is the entire extent of the universe – a gallon of water, a glass bowl, some sand and the rain of fish food coming from above.In some ways, mankind is that blind fish, oblivious to the extent of the universe since his universe is defined only by what he can perceive and observe. Astronomy can be seen as a tool by which mankind slowly grew his universe, from his planet, to his solar system, to his galaxy to 156 billion light years wide thing that we call our universe today.One could argue that astronomy is the first science to emerge , beating out physics, biology, chemistry and other fields of study in occupying mankind’s academic curiosity. We can say this because astronomical phenomena are probably one of the first observations made by our ancestors. It does not take a knowledge or curiosity of science to notice the presence of night and day.It does not take a scholar to notice that the sun rises in the same direction and sets in the opposite direction day after day. Primitive man looked at the moon and would notice its changing shape and the fact that on some days it is present and on some days it is not. One does not need a telescope to notice those numerous twinkling points of light in the sky called stars.Even without possessing the astronomical tools we have today, ancient civilizations have created numerous ways to observe and catalogue the behavior of celestial bodies. The concept of a calendar was based around the changing patterns of stars in the heavens.Knowledge of such patterns became impor tant for ancient farmers as the presence of specific patterns in the sky could tell them that it is time to plant, another set of patterns would tell them that it is a good time to harvest, and another set of patterns could tell the imminence of the annual flooding of the river. For early man, the connection between movements of stars and the events unfolding in his midst were clear. Knowledge of celestial movements aid him feed himself and his family.With such heavenly foretelling, the development of a feeling of connection between the Gods and the stars is hardly surprising. Huge monuments were erected to serve as observatories for these events.Monuments to the gods were created to align with celestial behavior. Stonehenge in Britain served as a stencil for solar motion. In Chichen Itza, pyramids and towers dedicated to the gods also served as astronomical observatories.

Wipro Technologies Europe Essays

Wipro Technologies Europe Essays Wipro Technologies Europe Essay Wipro Technologies Europe Essay Wipro Technologies Europe In my opinion, the critical personal characteristics that WIPRO is looking for will make it easier in order to find the Indian context, this is because the type of people the company is looking for are people who have sufficient grasp of the abstract, tolerance for ambiguity, and the patience to be able to grow with them. This will make it easier for them because they Just need to find people with this characteristics or if not Just train them in order to act like that. The company was also searching for people with Indian characteristics like the esilience, the ability to remain calm and the ability to deal with uncertainty. This means that they will have to prepare themselves in order something change. Also their sales person have to be really prepared technical, they have to be able to take first, second and third level calls by their own. This type of people can be trained easily because the company already knows what are the requirements that the employees should have. The employees would be trained in order to be efficient to this requirements. Because the company want mployees that behave like Indians, but they also want diversity in the workplace, the Europeans that are hired were send to India every three or four months in order to keep their training. Also the company used the Six Sigma processes for his sales, this is a set of strategies, techniques, and tools for process improvement. This will help improve the operations of the company, also it will improve customer loyalty and thus improve the profits of the organization. . Some of the key steps that WIPRO has taken to enhance its effectiveness are on he first hand, the company tried to build cultural understanding among the Indian staff who worked on projects with the European clients. WIPRO coached the employees as much as they could before they even travel for their first time. The company also build content based on feedback from those employees who had gone abroad without any training. It was more helpful for the employees to have been coached by the company before they leave to India. The Indian employees also were enrolled in language programs. It was helpful for hem to understand different languages so that they could speak with the client without any trouble or misunderstanding. The company also encouraged his clients who lacked with experience to learn more about the Indian culture. The way to motivate workers are some of these that are stated below, Training and personal development: is important as it stimulates the employee by making them learn new skills, and keeping them interested over a longer term. Pay and pay incentives: it is an important factor for the employee when deciding to accept a Job ffer at a company. Incentives are a great way to motivate staff to achieve goals, and it becomes a reward for great achievements. Social contact: People in open plan offices always performs better than people enclosed. Employee participation and responsibility: If a person does not feel valued they may quickly lose interest, and the performance levels will drop people like to feel that they are making a difference. Non pay incentives such as an extra day off, employee of the month schemes, etc. is a reat way to motivate a team without costing the company much money. Promotion: which is really important, Companies that promotes from within have a much higher staff retention rate than companies who overlook their own staff and outsources candidates for supervisory/managerial position. Promotions also help build staff loyalty, and is a great way to motivate a team to do better. Job security: If the employees are worried about losing their Jobs they will not perform to their very best. 4. The measures implemented at WIPRO in my opinion will be effective because the ompany is investing a lot in order to train their employees and take them to other countries in order to experience with other cultures and also to deal in different circumstances. By doing this, the company is trying to coach the employees to deal with uncertainty which will make them better workers and it will make the company rise. The measures implemented will only work if the employees are well motivated and also if the company coach them well. This will make the company rise and be well known by others if their coaching skills go well.

Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico

Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico Abstract This essay is about the oil giant British Petroleum and one of the world’s worst environmental disasters in history, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The aim for this paper is to provide a backdrop for the oil spill and to picture the management change due to the oil spill.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gulf of Mexico oil spill symbolised a breakdown of more than mere environmental law and the work of institutions tasked with administering deepwater drilling, business law, governance, and corporate social responsibility principles can also be blamed for the environmental catastrophe (Cherry Sneirson 2011, p. 984). As a result of the oil spill and tragedy, BP’s safety programs and mistakes became noticeable. Many of these safety concerns have been ignored by management. The company did cover u p these problems by portraying an image as an advocate of CSR and funding a $200 million advertising campaign to promote it. Since 2002, there have been doubts about BP’s CSR practices in the context of safety and security. By corporate standards, the practices were considered â€Å"brand exuberance,† a term that refers to a corporate aspiration that is impossible to attain (Balmer, Power, Greyser 2011, p. 7). BP’s maintenance record, vision and training performance have been heavily criticised because they were not in accordance with industry standards. Carolyn Meritt, a U.S. government spokeswoman, commented that there was something wrong with BP management (Verschoor 2010, p. 15). However, BP and many of its stakeholders are optimistic that there could be a light in the horizon. Revenues and shares prices are gradually showing signs of recovery. This essay will try to show how this is attained. Introduction The company British Petroleum had to introduce chan ge management after the Gulf of Mexico oil spill in 2010. New directions included the upstream operations, from a single division to three departments to handle sensitive programs of ‘exploration, development and production’ (Bryant Hunter 2010, para. 5).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More BP’s valued shareholders and investors were briefed on future plans and new initiatives after the oil spill as the organisation was heading for further explorations after its worst performance in the year and throughout its history as a prime oil-and-gas company. This essay will talk about management change in BP after the oil spill. Everyone was asking, particularly investors, as to what kind of management would resurrect BP. A knee-jerk reaction was change the leadership and management. CEO Tony Hayward was forced to resign, along with second in command Andy Inglis, to appease angry investors (Chazan 2010, para. 2). The stiff decline in BP’s stock value (Chazan 2010) due to the oil spill prompted the board to conduct change management and appoint Robert Dudley whose mission was to restore BP’s tarnished reputation. Three new divisions were created and contracts were given focus in which top-management portfolio was assigned to manage contractors who are working on sensitive and important upstream operations. Restructuring and upstream operations are now separate and given emphasis in order to provide long-term advancement of BP’s pool of expert engineers and scientists and strengthen risk management responsibilities. One of the flaws of the old system was that contractors working upstream were not effectively managed. (Bryant Hunder 2010, para. 4) Literature review Leadership and organisational change Leadership literature that can be applied in the context of BP change management is outdoor leadership with a focus on transactional-transformational leadership. Leadership theory evolved in several stages (Straub, 1980 as cited in Brymer Gray, 2006, p. 13). Leadership concept started with the ‘inborn principle’. It evolved into the idea of leaders having special attributes. The next phase is about those having power or authority. The fourth stage emphasised relationships, and the fifth one focused on leaders who became concerned with the world around them and adapted their behaviors according to those situations. The outdoor leadership theory refers to situational leadership. Ford and Blanchard (1985 as cited in Brymer Gray, 2006, p. 14) focused their leadership research on the relevance of leadership theory to the outdoors. Leaders demand of their followers certain attributes while followers require some characteristics of their leaders.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Organisational Change in BP after the Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico specifically for y ou for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Followers would like their leader to assume responsibility, which is very important as most followers trust their leader to take responsibility for their actions. Followers would require their leader to have more experience than them and should know how to get along with them (Ford Blanchard, 1985 as cited in Brymer Gray, 2006, p. 14). Leaders should possess skills on socialisation which may be team-related, for support or empathy; psychological aspects, like trust, stress, motivation, emotions; judgment, like dangers, problems, expectation; and creativity which is about ideas and inventiveness. Transformational and charismatic leaders focus their attributes on creativity, effective communication, motivation of followers and working out a vision and a goal, among others (Groves 2006, p. 566). Visionary leadership positively influences ‘net profit margin’ (Waldman et al., 2001 as cited in Groves, 2006, p. 567), s tock value and leadership effectiveness. Visionary leaders can effectively communicate goals that inspire subordinates. Ethics in organisational management theories The management literature has focused on the subject of business ethics due to the many high-profile ethical violations in corporate America. Many giant firms have suffered malfunctions due to unethical business practices of even top managers of these large corporations. Because of these incidents, much of the studies have focused on the importance of ethical behavior and to emphasise the call for a more understanding of moral decision-making processes. Gilbert (2001 as cited in Geiger 2010, p. 40) argued on the relative connection between ‘strategic management process and ethics’. Ethics influences this aspect of management. An important subject of organisational theory is legitimacy which refers to the public’s reactions pertaining to the behavior of the organisation (Suchman 1995, as cited in Matej ek Gà ¶ssling 2014, p.571).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The question here lies in BP’s moral legitimacy in building its values and norms pertaining to the construct of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the other types of legitimacy being pragmatic (pertaining to the importance of oil and gas to society), and cognitive (pertaining to its accessibility as an organisation). Legitimacy emphasises organisation and community relations and the ethics in business. According to this concept, organisations lose legitimacy if they transgress culture and mores while organisations that promote culture and beliefs of the community are rewarded. Organisations that have trouble with civil society and environmental organisations have problems with their legitimacy (Palazzo Scherer 2006, as cited in Matejek Gà ¶ssling 2014, p. 572). Case study analysis BP has a moral obligation to acquire environmental legitimacy. Some experts have commented that if BP encounters another oil spill with the scale of the Gulf of Mexico spill, it will not only lose legitimacy, it will become bankrupt and will not have chance to recover. After the Deepwater Horizon accident or negligence, it is under pressure by its ‘corporate stakeholders, the media, including social media, NGO watchdogs, and governmental regulators’ to bear ‘corporate environmental responsibility’ (Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). BP has to strive to walk along this line of operations, and work to maintain ‘environmental legitimacy’ (Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). Corporate environmental legitimacy refers to society’s general observation or assumption that an organisation’s environmental programs are attractive, right and fitting, and generally approved by the public. This definition emphasises that environmental legitimacy is provided by stakeholders through their awareness according to their perceptions (Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). CSR refers to the moral and ethical practices and organisations th at malign social institutions lose their legitimacy status. What society might do is boycott the company’s products and services, including shares of stocks, and employees withdraw their commitment and lose motivation to work (Gà ¶ssling 2011 as cited in Matejek Gà ¶ssling, 2014, p. 572). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is usually done to attract investors (Spence 2009 as cited in Mobus, 2012, p. 36). If you look at BP website, you will be amased with their CSR programs and recovery efforts, particularly on restoring the lives of those affected by the oil spill. But websites are websites. They are always painted ‘green’ and any attractive color to attract investors. The introduction of change management ‘Deepwater Horizon’ was a large ocean rig that sank at the bottom of the ocean when the Macondo well exploded. This was one of the wells BP acquired. By 2010, BP successfully acquired several growing companies, making it one of the world’s largest corporations in terms of revenue, with a daily oil production of more than four million barrels. The Gulf of Mexico provided approximately 10 percent of BP’s oil output (National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drill 2011, p. 2). Before the Macondo well blew up, BP had a corporate brand positioning pictured by its management as highly ethical and environmentally emphatic. When the Deepwater Horizon accident occurred, these ethical and environmental standards were questionable. BP’s previous ethical standards were not supported by an ethical distinctiveness and philosophy, but it was trying to picture to the public that CSR was a common practice and that it cared for the public and its needs. BP’s corporate behavior did not reflect that of its purported mission. There was a misalignment in BP’s ‘identity modes’ (Balmer, Power, Greyser 2011, p. 7). After the environmental debacle, BP faced a class action lawsuit and an allegation that it ‘misled investors’ by purporting to show that it had the capability for safety operations in the Gulf of Mexico (Amernic, Craig, Tourish 2012, p. 6). Two years before the disaster, the health and safety goals were only 80% attained, and environmental risk management was said to be ‘gold plated’ (Verschoor 2010, p. 13). BP’s management change was aimed to regain the trust and confidence of stakeholders, particularly its investors. Robert Dudley essentially introduced his brand of management with a vision of safety in the operations, placing great power and responsibilities in the hands of the safety division, now under Mark Bly, who has the authority to stop the operations if he and his team deemed that operations are not following the standards. Bly and his team directly report to Dudley and recommendations are immediately acted upon (Chazan 2010, para. 3). Dudley had been in the oil business for years and was with Amoco before he joined BP just eighteen months before the environmental disaster. The merger of Amoco and BP in Russia was termed a mega-merger but Dudley had to return to the United States after Russian authorities refused to renew his visa (Macalister 2010, para. 5). Dudley’s â€Å"new† brand of management was regarded a rehash of Hayward’s programs when the latter was appointed as CEO some years back to take over Lord John Browne who was involved in a personal scandal. Hayward proposed for safety programs during his initial years but still, BP experienced major environmental disasters resulting into some deaths of workers (Bryant Hunter 2010, para. 3). The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recorded more than seven hundred violations of refineries attributable to BP and the violations were ruled intentional (Bryant Hunter 2010, para. 6). The pipeline corrosion in Texas that caused an oil spill, costing approximately $2 billion in suits and damages, was the result of cost-cutting measures introduced by Hayward who had to impress investors asking for positive gains for their money. However, some commentators have tried to give Dudley a chance. Dudley’s safety programme was a welcome development, according to Nigel Bowker (as cited in Bryant Hunter, 2010) who once worked for BP, but he argued that the new measures must be accompanied with management support, resources and cooperation from everyone in the company, and it must not only to appease the BP investors. BP under Dudley has introduced the technology-enhanced ‘Well Advisor’ that assists drilling teams in different countries to check the progress of oil and gas explorations with novel clearness through consoles connected online, to strengthen safety and security in the explorations. BP has relied on digital technology that gathers and analyses data and other variables. Although this is still in its pilot stage, BP is goi ng to that point where the data could be transformed into valuable information to provide safety and competence. Meantime, BP is on its way to providing the capability for its engineers, scientists and contractors to put together all these data and the various points produced by the data to influence decisions in the field. The data points are fed to a software, to be transformed into fine graphics and made available to engineers in the field. (BP: Trusted advisor 2014, paras. 1-4) Notwithstanding BP’s thrust for corporate social responsibility, CEO Dudley has been able to introduce green marketing philosophy, which is not just about consumers but about the environment, a rallying cry for BP’s organisational culture. BP is building a culture that respects the environment. Another principle it has applied is internal green marketing which aims to ensure that the organisation’s employees integrate the ecological factor into their programs and activities (Zaharia Zaharia 2012, p. 162). BP has ensured that that top management and HRM functions collaborate to enforce green business strategies. BP revenues before and after the change Before the management change, i.e. before the oil spill, revenues were up, $120 billion. It went down after the spill but with the new management, revenues rose 5%, which meant it climbed to $98 billion in October 29, 2013, from $94 billion ( £58.4 billion) the year before. After the oil spill, BP has sold some $38 billion of assets and has plans to sell about $10 billion this year. The company’s replacement cost profit rose to $3.7 billion for the last quarter of 2013, from the previous $2.7 billion. BP also wanted to buy back its shares worth $8 billion, but has started with $3.8 billion. (Haslett 2013, paras. 3-6) Figure 1 is a listing of the shares prices for the period from 2009 up to 2013. It is shown here that the shares prices before the Gulf of Mexico oil spill were high. In 2009, ordinary shares cost 613.40 high and 400.00 at low; for American depositary shares, high was 60.00 and low was 33.70. There was slight difference for the next year 2010 and prices slid down after the oil spill with new management, which attained low prices for BP shares and gradually slid down up to 2013. For the different quarters from 2012 up to the first quarter of 2014, shares prices have not fully recovered but are slowly going up: i.e. 49.63 high and 45.83 low for American depositary shares, and for the first quarter of 2014, from 48.65 high and 41.30 low for the last quarter of 2013. This is supported by their advertising published Wall Street Journal (see appendix). BP stock prices in the market before and after the change Fig. 1: Stock prices before and after the management change SOURCE: BP: Shares prices and listings (2013, p. 274) Conclusion It is understandable that Dudley’s new administration is trying to paint a better picture, but obscuring the real risk BP is facing may not do any good for the company. Organisations aim their ‘propaganda,’ i.e. CSR reporting, at their employees as they try to relay messages about their image. Is BP ‘greenwashing’? Greenwashing is a form of ‘information propaganda’ by a company or organisation for the purpose of portraying that it is following the standards of environmental benchmarking. By greenwashing, a firm tends to improve sales or enhance its brand image through ‘environmental rhetoric, but at the same time either pollute the environment or decline to spend money on the environment, employee welfare, or otherwise honor its commitments to other constituencies’ (Cherry Sneirson 2011, p. 985). This can be perceived as fooling the public, particularly the stakeholders and the shareholders. According to Mobus (2012, p. 37), it can be viewed as such if there are no ways to verify the truth of the company’s CSR programs. BP’s environmental programs can b e verified and, at first instance, there seems to be no fraud in their application of restoring the sound environment before the spill. According to investigation (the Commission Report or CR), the Macondo well blowout where Deepwater Horizon sank, was the result of management’s indecision, lapses in the communication processes, and risk management failure) leading to incontrollable situations on the Macondo well (Mobus 2012, p. 38). In other words, safety measures, a primary requirement for oil explorations and one of BP’s so-called pride, failed. Management failed in those instances, along with failure of communication (CR 2011 as cited in Mobus, 2012, p. 38). Engineering and well design were approved by regulators but were not followed. Execution of the design and processes were opposed to BP guidelines and industry benchmarks. Moreover, there were lapses in communications among those working in the downstream and BP managers allowing for a possibility of a blowout (Mobus, 2012, p. 38). BP must prove its worth and the sincerity and expertise of the new management. After being prohibited for a year from bidding U.S. federal contracts, it has now won 24 new bids but one of the conditions is to implement stricter safety rules, including a remodeling of its governance principles. BP will be audited by an independent auditor chosen by the U.S. EPA. (Toor 2014, para. 2) It seems, however, that BP has gained the trust and confidence of the U.S. federal government. Before 2010, it was the country’s largest oil supplier and fuel for transportation but was suspended for one year due to the oil spill. Four years after that worst oil spill, BP won 24 bids to explore oil and gas over the Gulf of Mexico once again. Recommendations The three divisions focusing on upstream operations should have effective and coordinated management. BP should have trained organic personnel to focus on upstream operations, instead of hiring contractors. One of the flaws of the old system is that most upstream operations are performed by contractors who are not BP personnel. During the critical minutes when the Macondo well was about to explode, there was no more effective management, prompting the personnel (who were working for a contractor and not for BP) to decide by themselves. The thrust of new management to focus on contractors is a good sign but works to be assigned to contractors should be minimal and not major tasks. BP’s CSR practices should not be mere practice for advertising but have to be given focus. 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Toor, A 2014, BP wins new US oil contracts four years after Deepwater Horizon disaster, theverge.com/2014/3/20/5528824/bp-looks-to-expand-offshore-drilling-after-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill. Verschoor, C 2010, ‘BP still hasn’t learned ethical lessons’, Strategic Finance, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13-15, via EBSCOHOST, Business Source Complete database. Zah aria, C Zaharia, I 2012, ‘Green values concerning the social responsibility of companies’, Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 161-166, via ProQuest database. Appendix The gradual BP recovery after four years of Gulf spill. SOURCE: The Wall Street Journal: BP Plc ads (2014)